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Typical alveolar dead space9/22/2023 ![]() Keep alveoli dry (high surface tension →.Stability of alveoli (without surfactant, the higher surface tension in smaller alveoli would result in a higher luminal pressure → When this occurs, their intermolecular repulsive forces counteract the attracting forces between the molecules of the surface liquid.DPPC forms a monolayer at the gas-fluid interface, with the hydrophilic heads towards the water and hydrophobic tails towards the gas.Produced by Type II alveolar epithelial cells. ![]() DPPC is amphipathic (charged choline head, hydrophobic.Surfactant is mainly phospholipid (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine DPPC), some protein and carbohydrate.T - surface tension along the surface of the sphere.P - distending pressure within the lumen of a sphere.Laplace's Law: P = 4 x T / r (for a sphere).Surfactant dramatically reduces surface tension.High surface tension of liquid lining the alveoli tends to collapse them.Separates abdominal and thoracic contents.Peripheral afferents from intercostal and subcostal nerves.Efferent and central afferent: phrenic nerve (C3-5).Back attaches to T12 vertebral body, descents to L1/L2 on sides.Front arises from xiphoid process, costal margins.3 Openings: Aorta (T12), oesophagus (T10) and vena caval (T8).Muscle fibres arise from peripheral attachment to form central tendon →Ĭrest of diaphrgam (thin but strong aponeurosis).C- shaped structure of muscle and fibrous tissues.Dome shaped muscle that inserts into the lower ribs.Perfusion vs Diffusion Limited Gas Transfer.Time Dependence of Pulmonary Elastic Behaviour.
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